Forklift Alternators and Starters

Forklift Starter and Alternator - Today's starter motor is normally a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor along with a starter solenoid mounted on it. As soon as current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically through a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion that is situated on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear that is found on the engine flywheel.

Once the starter motor starts to turn, the solenoid closes the high-current contacts. When the engine has started, the solenoid has a key operated switch that opens the spring assembly to pull the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in just a single direction. Drive is transmitted in this way through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion remains engaged, like for example as the operator did not release the key as soon as the engine starts or if the solenoid remains engaged as there is a short. This actually causes the pinion to spin independently of its driveshaft.

This aforementioned action stops the engine from driving the starter. This is an essential step because this particular type of back drive will allow the starter to spin very fast that it would fly apart. Unless adjustments were done, the sprag clutch arrangement will stop the use of the starter as a generator if it was made use of in the hybrid scheme discussed earlier. Usually a regular starter motor is designed for intermittent utilization which would prevent it being used as a generator.

The electrical parts are made to be able to work for approximately thirty seconds so as to stop overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are designed to save cost and weight. This is truly the reason most owner's manuals for automobiles recommend the driver to stop for a minimum of ten seconds right after each and every 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine that does not turn over instantly.

During the early part of the 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Previous to that time, a Bendix drive was utilized. The Bendix system functions by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. As soon as the starter motor begins turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly allows it to ride forward on the helix, therefore engaging with the ring gear. As soon as the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to surpass the rotating speed of the starter. At this point, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.

During the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was made. The overrunning-clutch design which was developed and introduced during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was better since the typical Bendix drive utilized so as to disengage from the ring as soon as the engine fired, even if it did not stay functioning.

When the starter motor is engaged and begins turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is achieved by the starter motor itself, like for instance it is backdriven by the running engine, and afterward the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and allows the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, thus unwanted starter disengagement can be prevented before a successful engine start.

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